"Neurodiversity through Webcomics: Using Aesthetic Experiences for Epistemic Resistance"
At the heart of the ideas proposed in today's panel is that of epistemic enablement through trajectories other than propositional, which can be offered by aesthetic experience.
PANEL
"Dancing Toward Epistemic Justice: An Embodied Account of Epistemic Agency"
Amandine Catala and Camille Zimmermann covered the example of dance, an embodied account of epistemic enablement.
PhD Candidate - Philosophy (UQAM)
Camille Zimmermann
zimmermann.camille@courrier.uqam.ca
Professor - Philosophy (UQAM)
Amandine Catala
catala.amandine@uqam.ca
"Comics and Epistemic Enablement"
Luc Faucher discussed the medium of comics in the context of neurodiversity, again as epistemic enablement.
Professor - Philosophy (UQAM)
Luc Faucher
"Neurodiversity through Webcomics: Using Aesthetic Experiences for Epistemic Resistance"
We now continue with webcomics.
PhD Candidate - Philosophy (UQAM)
Mylène Legault
legault.mylene.2@courrier.uqam.ca
PhD Candidate - Philosophy (UQAM)
Jean-Nicolas Bourdon
bourdon.jean-nicolas@courrier.uqam.ca
PREFACE
About the
Format
Force of habit leads us to take the established ways of doing things as fixed, even though they are circumstantial. We were able to explore this reality, for example, during the pandemic: going to the office for work meetings, which, in all honesty, could have been e-mails. We also know that cultural habits are not insignificant, they allow the reproduction of comfortable modalities of interaction for dominant groups: those with the power to choose these modalities.
For our part of the panel, we propose to do things differently. Don't worry, we're not criticizing power point presentations and their timely sip of water pauses. Instead, we're inviting you to explore an alternative modality for interaction.
Public Speaking
Many people hate public speaking. It generally comes with discomforts and even fears, but some people have cognitive profiles that function in ways far removed from this type of interaction. However, this practice is socially maintained and considered essential for meeting and sharing. But is it really necessary? Does the public space absolutely have to be occupied in an oratory and synchronous way? What if these modalities are, in fact, infused with neuronormativity?
Human society is permeated by collective cultural resources with which individuals can, among other things, interpret, understand and communicate various aspects of their experiences. Since they are collective resources, their genesis, maintenance and dissemination are a function of the power dynamics that permeate our societies. One of these power dynamics is organized around norms regarding what is considered appropriate cognitive functioning: the group whose cognition corresponds to the norm (i.e., neurotypicals) dominates and those whose cognition deviates from the norm (i.e., neurodivergent) are marginalized. This epistemic marginalization has the effect of limiting the access of neurodivergent individuals to so-called "collective" epistemic resources, both in their elaboration and in their use.
This norm corresponds to neuronormativity, which is presented by Amandine Catala, Luc Faucher et Pierre Poirier (2021) in their paper Autism, epistemic injustice, and epistemic disablement: a relational account of epistemic agency.
Neuronormativity refers to the prevalent, neurotypical set of assumptions, norms, and practices that construes neurotypicality as the sole acceptable or superior mode of cognition, and that stigmatizes attitudes, behaviors, or actions that reflect neu- roatypical modes of cognition as deviant or inferior. Neuronormative assumptions, norms, and practices uphold standards regarding, for example, (what is neurotypi- cally considered) appropriate eye contact, facial expressions, prosody, conversa- tional flow, processing, and responsiveness—all of which can be difficult for autistic individuals to understand, sense, or apply, due to neurocognitive differences. (Catala & al., 2021)
Catala, A., Faucher, L. & Poirier, P. Autism, epistemic injustice, and epistemic disablement: a relational account of epistemic agency. Synthese (2021).
For a presentation on these questions, see Epistemic justice and epistemic authority on autism, Philosophy of Psychiatry Webinar, Montreal (Amandine Catala)
What’s with all these neuro- words?
Neurodiversity can refer to the neurological or neurocognitive variation naturally present in the human population. The term was first introduced by Judy Singer in a book published in 1993. The term also refers to a growing sociopolitical movement that promotes the recognition and inclusion of natural neurocognitive diversity (see, for example, Autistic Self Advocacy Network (ASAN), whose slogan is "Nothing About Us Without US!").
Nick Walker (2012) describes the neurodiversity movement as a new paradigm (the neurodiversity paradigm) in response to the pathology paradigm. It should be noted, however, that this movement has not been and is not immune to certain exclusionary mechanisms. For example, the movement began with verbal autistic individuals, but although the movement has since expanded to include many cognitive profiles, autistic individuals (and more recently ADHD individuals) still seem to dominate the movement.
Walker, N. (2012). Throw away the master's tools: Liberating ourselves from the pathology paradigm. Loud hands: Autistic people, speaking, 225-237.
Some progress can also be noted with the recent publication of "Neurodiversity Studies: A New Critical Paradigm" (Rosqvist et al., 2020), which illustrates the growing acceptance of this sociopolitical movement by the scientific community.
Rosqvist, H. B., Chown, N., & Stenning, A. (2020). Neurodiversity Studies: A New Critical Paradigm. Routledge.
Refers to individuals who fit the norm of cognitive functioning.
Neurodivergence belongs to a normative vocabulary. It requires a norm, which can be qualitative or quantitative, to distinguish typical from atypical neurocognitive profiles among natural neurological variation. However, the narrative is not so simple; cognition is a complex and dynamic process, and simply distinguishing between neurotypical and neuroatypical individuals shapes, at least in part, the cognition of those same individuals. Note that these criteria, quantitative or qualitative, are generally chosen for medical, practical, economic or moral reasons: because a type is considered "more functional", "more adapted, evolutionarily", "easier to interact with", "less demanding in resources" more characteristic of a human life worth living", etc.
Refers to individuals who do not fit the norm for cognitive functioning.
For those who are curious, we address these "neuro- words" here :
- Legault, M., Bourdon, J. & Poirier, P. (2021). From neurodiversity to neurodivergence by way of epistemic marginalization, Epistemological Issues in Neurodivergence and Atypical Cognition. Synthese.
- Legault, M., Bourdon, J. & Poirier, P. (2019) Neurocognitive variety in neurotypical environments: the source of “deficits” in autism, Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science (JBBS), vol.9, 246-272.
This is all well and good in theory, but what does it have to do with our presentation?
What we are trying to say - probably with too many words - is that those with cognitive profiles similar to ours tend to feel unsafe in traditional academic frameworks. This very presentation is the perfect opportunity to experiment with an alternative format where we can occupy the epistemic space and exist as we are. When the parameters of a common space of exchange only correspond to one type of cognitive profile, neurotypical profiles in this case, there can hardly be any exchange that is fair and inclusive. Our hope is that offering this alternative might open this type of space to those who remain outside the exchange.
Although this is an aside before we get into our main topic, you will notice that the form of our presentation reproduces our subject: the online viewing of webcomics, that is, asynchronous interactions around a shared representation, or the infamous content.
What a great question! Of course. If we have different cognitive and processing profiles with different modalities of expression, we can expect adjustments in synchronicity. Strategies for better epistemic justice include suspending judgment, giving the time, respecting varied forms of exchange and being open to different modalities of exchange.
Feel free to contact us for any comments and input into this exploration:
legault.mylene.2@courrier.uqam.ca
bourdon.jean-nicolas@courrier.uqam.ca
PART I
This is Marc, stand in for the author: Yvon Roy
This is his son, Olivier, who is autistic.
Les Petites Victoires showcases the fight of a father for his son, diagnosed with autism "in order to transform an announced defeat into small victories" (sic, our translation).
In his preface, Roy explains the contextualises the creation of his comic book:
"The idea was first suggested to me by a special educator who had worked with my son. She thought that what we had accomplished together was worth sharing so that other parents could find, through our experience, some useful information, if not a little hope" (our translation).
Interview
"When I started working with my boy to help him, with all the professionals in the field, I realized that often we were told, or they tried to tell us, that we had to work on living with autism, on accommodating autism. How we had to deal with different crises, different problems, whereas I thought, well, no, it's better, definitely, to try to overcome it than to live with it. And that's been kind of my master idea, let's say, for years with my boy, which is to try to push the boundaries constantly, always further." (Our translation)
Why choose this comic book?
This comic book is an example of a creation that is easily accessible to the general public that has been awarded and highly publicized - even winning an award that recognizes works written by a person living with a disability and recounting their own experience, or by a third party about the life of a relative living with a disability. In 2018, the publisher Rue de Sèvres announced a contract for a film adaptation, which caused reactions and led to the hashtag :
#boycottlespetitesvictoires
As we will show, this is an example of the social representations of autism that perpetuate dominant understandings that do not fit the lived experience of those directly concerned to the point of being discriminatory. It is also difficult to identify moments when the child (the autistic character) shows agentivity. Instead, he’s passive in his father’s story. In a way, Olivier is only a supporting character. This is exaclty why representation doesn't mean autorepresentation and why "nothing about us whitout us" matters: although this comic is presented as a positive narrative from the allist perspective (3rd person), the story is completely different from the standpoint of the autistic community’s testimonies (1st person).
An allist person is a non-autistic person.
To understand the term "allist", we must go back to the origin of the word "autistic" which comes from the Greek word "autos" which means "self". So the word "autistic" initially referred to a person withdrawn on themself, who lives in their own world. The term "allist" appeared in a satirical article to refer to non-autistic people by swaping “autos” for "allos" which refers to others. So an allist is a person who is focused on others or, to flip the usual narrative, a person who lives in other people’s worlds.
In spite of the satire, the term “allist” has remained in use among others because it allows to distinguish between "neurotypicals" and "allists". There are people who are not autistic, but who are not neurotypical: a non-autistic dyslexic person, for example.
For a deconstruction
of the problematic propositions of the comic book:
But do you know the story from the autistic community’s perspective?
This is where webcomics can serve as an accessible tool that allows the reversal of dominant representations by opening the floor to self-representations directly grounded in marginalized communities. But before continuing with the topic of webcomics, we wish to feature an excerpt from Les Petites Victoires that addresses a frequent theme in autism: eye contact.
Excerpt on eye contact
Excerpt from Yvon Roy's interview
"I worked a bit like we can work to sometimes desensitize a substance. Sometimes certain people can have an allergy, we can try to desensitize them.
Several parents have contacted me regarding the trick to get the child to look in the eyes. This is the first thing we worked on together, that is to say, I considered that being able to look in the eyes - we know that autistic children have difficulty looking directly in the eyes - I said to myself, if we don't have eye contact, we have nothing. We need that, it's the beginning of human interaction." (our translation)
TW: The host uses the term “prison” in reference to autism:
"In your story that you shared with us in Les Petites Victoires, there is obviously the moment when you get up to face, to accompany your child in that reality: to learn to understand him too, inside what he lives and this prison, in a way, from which he is pressured which is basically this condition." (our translation)
Link to the interview (in French)
This scene is an example of neuronormativity
Recall that neuronormativity is the prevalent, neurotypical set of assumptions, norms, and practices that conceives of neurotypicality as the only acceptable or superior mode of cognition, and that stigmatizes attitudes, behaviors, or actions that reflect atypical modes of cognition as deviant or inferior.
This scene is told from the allist perspective and is presented with a positive outcome. In fact, as the author mentions, parents have applied this technique with their autistic children after being inspired by it.
But what if we ask autistic people how they feel about eye contact? That's exactly what we are going to do.
PART II
Why webcomics?
The medium of webcomic enables me to do something I don't know how to do otherwise: share how things feel on the inside.
Imagine. You come across a newspaper at the local coffee shop and recognize the face of a well-known personality. Yet you can't remember their name. It annoys you, you know you know it, it’s just not coming out, it stays there, on the tip of your tongue. You have time to come back to work, coffee in hand, and the name still hasn't come back to you, it still annoys you. You come across a colleague and you ask them, you describe the person, maybe clumsily at first (it would be so much easier with their name!), but you adjust to your interlocutor and, together, you can finally recall their name, it was so obvious!
It’s important to emphasize this feeling of annoyance. We rarely take the time to mention this annoyance when talking about epistemic injustices. Yet it is there, and it can even be painful: how do we make sense, to use Fricker's classic example, of our experience of sexual harassment when the concept does not yet exist? How can we share the feeling that something is wrong? This is where community comes into play and it is why the idea of "by and for" matters more than, say, a criterion of simplicity might. This is addressed by feminist epistemologies: for example, Longino argues for pragmatic values in science such as diffusion of power (as the importance of making research programs accessible to the actors involved in the research).
The impact of inadequate social representations on neurodiversity cannot be fully resolved by the traditional narrative of epistemic oppression and justice: adding new vocabulary to collective epistemic resources is not a panacea (we already have the word "autism" for example). So it is not only words that are missing, but rich and diverse lived experiences are also missing from the pool of shared resources.
The problem is that what is missing, the hermeneutical gaps, are not automatically apparent: social representations created by and for the dominant groups inadequately fill the hermeneutical gaps of marginalized groups. To that effect, let us recall here the Handi-Livre prize for the best biography which rewards works written by a person with a disability and telling his or her own experience, or by a third party on the life of a close relative with a disability: In the case of Les Petites Victoires, the award went to the biography of an allistic (non-autistic) person talking about autism. These inadequate social representations are difficult to resist: they are constantly and persistently reproduced. It is even harder when you don't have the words to replace theirs. But do we really have to wait for the right words to share our experiences? This is where illustration can become an attention grabbing action like shouting: an action that does not need words. This is what we propose here: a form of non-propositional epistemic resistance in response to hermeneutic injustice.
Webcomics are basically online comic books. They are mostly instantiated as short comics that take many forms and cover many topics. The most common form of webcomic is probably the blog (sometimes autobiographical, sometimes entirely fictional, sometimes both). Because they are mostly published independently by their artists, webcomics are an art form that is not limited by institutionalized power dynamics such as publishing houses or art galleries.
But the most important thing for us here is that webcomics are able to generate aesthetic experiences that allow viewers to better understand different aspects of the lived experience of neurodivergent people despite the inadequacy of mainstream epistemic resources.
In some ways, webcomics are a digital version of street art.
Although limited to a given geographical space for street art and to a particular digital platform for webcomics, there is this common idea where it is not so much the public that goes to the creation as the creation that goes to the public. We are no longer in a reserved and predefined space like a museum, a bookstore, a gallery or even a library.
Although a recognized artist can make street art, it is more difficult for an artist who does not belong to a complex and influential network to access some places of diffusion such as an art gallery. Webcomic is thus added to the tools that allow the production, use and transmission of more accurate social representations, participating in the collective understandings of the oppressions suffered by epistemically marginalized groups. The public and interactional aspects of social media that support webcomics make them a catalyst for direct dialogue with (but also within and between) marginalized communities.
To put our epistemic resistance into action,
and to enhance our imaginative ressources, we chose to gather first-personal testimonies and descriptions of how eye contact can feel for autists.
After all, who better to provide insight into a given lived experience than those who live it? To do so, we used social media (instagram and facebook) to ask autistic followers of our webcomic (@lilyspectrum): How does eye contact feel to you? Although we are neurodivergent, it was important for us to go with the community beyond our individual experiences. For instance, we would never have thought of the sunburn idea on our own, but once we read those testimonies, it felt right.
Both posts were made on November 8, and three days later, on November 11, we had received 175 testimonies. A few major themes emerged from these testimonies, which we used to base 7 webcomics or illustrations on. Keep in mind that, with this process, we do not claim to represent all there is to express about autists’ first-personal experience of eye contact. In fact, we suggest you visit these posts yourself to better understand the varied responses we got, and are still getting. And who knows, maybe this will allow you to add your own insight.
Publication
Since Monday, we have started to publish these comics on our social networks and we will continue to publish them in the following days
The interactions that take place around such webcomics are, we believe, an integral part of their complete aesthetic experience. These interactions often bring about clarifications, complementary details and descriptions or even added meaning. We thus invite you to visit these posts and interact with the community.
Webcomics
"
). I never know what to do, if I'm looking to much or not enough and always use a whole lot of energy just on eye contact. Generally, the more comfortable I feel the less I look someone in the eyes. (Also eyes as a body part make me feel really icky so that's that)."
Thank you for joining us in this exploration!
We hope this experience was (and will be) as enriching for you as it was for us to come up with. We invite you to engage with us and the community through our posts or in the comments bellow!
It feels so rewarding knowing we’re taking care of our homes properly through consistent upkeep efforts like these!!! # # anykeyword pressure washing Cape Coral
Servicii funerare Timișoara îmi oferă liniște sufletească în aceste momente grele pompe funebre timisoara kog
How often should I visit a Bonney Lake chiropractor for optimal results? Chiropractor Bonney Lake
https://happyholi.ru – Кухни на заказ в Екатеринбурге.
Water damage can be devastating for homeowners water damage restoration service
This was a wonderful guide. Check out https://maps.app.goo.gl/RRgHVt8ZAkP5HPvLA for more
Проблема зависимостей остаётся актуальной в современном обществе. С каждым годом увеличивается число людей, страдающих от алкоголизма, наркомании и других форм зависимостей, что негативно отражается на их жизни и благополучии близких. Зависимость — это не просто физическое заболевание, но и глубокая психологическая проблема. Для эффективного лечения требуется помощь профессионалов, способных обеспечить комплексный подход.
Подробнее можно узнать тут – vyvod iz zapoya cena narkologiya voronezh
Процесс выведения из запоя проходит поэтапно. Симптомы могут включать тревожность, бессонницу, нарушения психики. Только профессиональный подход и современные медицинские технологии позволяют снизить риски, стабилизировать состояние и предотвратить тяжелые последствия.
Подробнее можно узнать тут – narkologiya vyvod iz zapoya na domu v-sankt-peterburge
I’ve seen firsthand how quickly water damage can escalate water damage restoration
Многие пациенты интересуются возможностью быстрого вывода из запоя в стационаре Красноярска. Современные медицинские учреждения используют инновационные методики и препараты, существенно ускоряющие процесс выздоровления. Ключевые достоинства ускоренного лечения:
Получить дополнительную информацию – вывод. из. запоя. красноярск.
Great tips! For more, visit https://telegra.ph/The-Importance-of-Regular-Drain-Cleaning-How-Gladiator-Plumbing-Keeps-Your-Pipes-Flowing-Smoothly-02-18
Очень радует, что есть ресурс https://www.mediafire.com/file/zje1eg6dvvsjg77/pdf-81818-64711.pdf/file
Thanks for the great content. More at move out cleaning
Вывод из запоя — это медицинская процедура, необходимая для восстановления организма после длительного употребления алкоголя. Это состояние, часто характеризующееся физическими и психоэмоциональными нарушениями, требует профессионального вмешательства. Симптомы абстиненции могут быть разнообразными и варьироваться от легкой тревожности до серьезных нарушений в функционировании внутренних органов. Квалифицированная помощь в этот период позволяет минимизировать риски и значительно ускорить процесс выздоровления.
Детальнее – вывод из запоя на дому цена челябинск
Clearly presented. Discover more at pest control
Your tips are practical and easy to follow! I’m looking forward to having a consultation with Renton Pest Control soon Renton pest control services
Алкоголизм — это хроническое прогрессирующее заболевание, связанное с физической и психической зависимостью от этанола. Запой, как его крайнее проявление, представляет собой длительное употребление алкоголя, сопровождающееся тяжелыми нарушениями работы организма, включая абстинентный синдром и потенциальные угрозы для жизни. Лечение запоя требует комплексного подхода, включающего медицинские процедуры, психотерапию и реабилитационные меры.
Изучить вопрос глубже – narkologiya vyvod iz zapoya anonimno
To fundamentalne, aby być świadomym teraz obowiązujących prawie podatkowym i obniżkach podatkowych.
Wielu konsumentów lekceważy możliwe korzyści finansowe gdyż nie wiedzą korzystnych zmianach Biuro rachunkowe Bydgoszcz
Капельница от запоя представляет собой инъекционную терапию, которая помогает очистить организм от токсинов, вызванных чрезмерным употреблением алкоголя. Состав капельницы включает специальные растворы, которые способствуют восстановлению водно-солевого баланса, а также витамины и препараты для нормализации функций печени и нервной системы. Это помогает пациенту избавиться от головной боли, слабости, тошноты и других симптомов похмелья, ускоряя процесс восстановления.
Получить больше информации – http://kapelnica-ot-zapoya-ektb55.ru/kapelnicza-na-domu-ekaterinburg-ot-zapoya/
I’ve seen some horror stories about DIY flood restorations gone wrong—always hire professionals! Flood Damage Restoration nearby
Клиника «Преображение» предлагает услуги анонимного вывода из запоя в Екатеринбурге, обеспечивая высокое качество медицинской помощи и соблюдение всех этических норм.
Выяснить больше – vyvod iz zapoya kruglosutochno narkologiya ekaterinburg
Perfect timing for this article! If you’re looking for a reliable contractor, don’t forget to visit gutter repair charlotte nc in Charlotte
This short article made me rethink my pet grooming routine for my animals groomers near me mobile
Have you checked out Puyallup Pest Control yet? They offer great solutions for pest control in
База Курсов – https://baza-kursov.ru/ – это каталог онлайн курсов с рейтингом. Курсы дистанционного образования и онлайн-обучения по самым актуальным и востребованным профессиям от различных популярных онлайн-школ. У нас подробные описания курсов дистанционного обучения с ценами, длительностью, возможностью рассрочки и многое другое!
Стоимость вывода из запоя зависит от ряда факторов, таких как состояние пациента, выбранная программа лечения и место проведения процедуры. Мы предлагаем прозрачное ценообразование, чтобы вы могли заранее ознакомиться с возможными затратами на лечение.
Получить дополнительные сведения – вывод из запоя анонимно челябинск
Thanks for the clear breakdown. More info at هزینه ادمین اینستاگرام
It’s central to remain on true of pest considerations prior to they escalate. That’s why I have confidence Termite Treatment Springfield Mo Chilton’s Environmental Termite & Pest Control for my home in Springfield MO
darkmarket link darknet links
Присоединяйтесь к MTT Sports – покер рум номер 1 на криптовалюту.
MTT Sports дарит своим игрокам 100 BTC во фрироллах!
На нашем канале вы узнаете, как зарегистрироваться в покер руме и начать участие в невероятных фрироллах.
Подписывайтесь на канал по ID: @mtt_sports_poker
Или переходите по ссылке: Покер фрироллы
Присоединяйтесь к MTT Sports – покер рум номер 1 на криптовалюту.
MTT Sports дарит своим игрокам 100 BTC во фрироллах!
На нашем канале вы узнаете, как зарегистрироваться в покер руме и начать участие в невероятных фрироллах.
Подписывайтесь на канал по ID: @mtt_sports_poker
Или переходите по ссылке: MTT Poker
This is such an worthy theme! If you are managing pests in Springfield, in reality reach out to black widow exterminators for assist
билайн тарифы на интернет
https://plus-domashnij-internet-krasnodar-2.ru
билайн тв
Thanks for this detailed guide! Planning a home renovation and will reach out to Pool Cage Screen Repair for my screen needs
Can’t help but feel grateful towards this particular #moving company# Local movers Riverview
Can’t wait to book an appointment with a Mill Creek Chiropractor after reading all these positive insights!! car accident chiropractor
кухни под заказ – Кухни на заказ с учетом ваших пожеланий и требований.
dark markets darknet market lists
It’s crucial to have a strong advocate after an accident; consider contacting the lawyers at Seattle Injury Attorney
Cảm giác hồi hộp mỗi khi đặt cược trên house name –E２Bet thật sự tuyệt vời !## anykeyword http://emseyi.com/user/melunemzgz
darkmarket url dark markets 2025
Thanks for the useful suggestions. Discover more at corporate magician
This was a fantastic resource. Check out Trailer Source of Wheat Ridge, RV Sales for more
Поздравляю, ваша мысль очень хороша
Игроков из разных уголков ждет многоязычный казино онлайн интерфейс. кроме того, продвигать игровые продукты компания помогает и иным инициативным разработчикам.
”Will definitely reach out regarding future projects knowing we’ll receive same level dedication/respect shown throughout entire process”# # anyKeyWord Residential Painter
Awesome experience overall—I’ll be recommending Triple Wide Pressure Washing to everyone I know!!! # # anyKeyWord Power Washing
What a relief that this pup received prompt treatment from the fantastic staff at Sheridan Vet! vet near me
ilove-dom2.ru – Каталог кухонь на заказ.
Every homeowner ought receive similar reminders annually ensuring longevity properties just discovered everything needed access roof cleaning
http://instructortut.ru – Узнайте о возможностях профессиональной съемки на нашем сайте.